Definition
Pigmentation refers to changes in skin color caused by an overproduction or uneven distribution of melanin, the natural pigment responsible for skin tone. This condition can appear as dark spots, patches, or discoloration, making the skin look uneven and dull.

Key Points to Understand about Pigmentation:

• Causes of pigmentation: excessive sun exposure, hormonal changes, aging, post-acne marks, inflammation, and certain medications.

• Common types of pigmentation:

  • Melasma → brown or gray-brown patches, usually on the face.

  • Sunspots (Solar Lentigines) → dark spots caused by UV damage.

  • Post-Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation (PIH) → dark marks left after acne or skin injury.

  • Freckles → small brown spots that may become more visible with sun exposure.

• Long-term impact: uneven skin tone, dull complexion, premature aging appearance, and reduced skin radiance.

• Treatment options: topical brightening agents, chemical peels, laser treatments, microneedling, and sun protection for prevention.